GREENWAVE - The scale of the problem

		THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM

		Over 90% of the world’s freight travels by sea. The world’s fleet of freight ships numbers approximately 90,000 vessels, of which around 60,000 are cargo ships Sea freight is forecast to grow by 20% in the next 10 years. Freight ships spend around half their time at sea, sailing round the clock. They burn up to 1.5 tonnes of fuel per hour. The typical annual fuel bill for a single ship is around US $3m and rising as oil prices increase. The global fleet burns around half a billion tonnes of fuel a year. Ships consume low grade fuel that is a bi-product of the refining process. It generates some of the most harmful emissions including carbon dioxide, sulphur oxides and nitrous oxides. Over 1.2bn tonnes of CO2 are emitted from global shipping per year and it is set to rise by 30% by 2020. Over 25m tonnes of nitrous oxides are emitted by ships, much of it around coasts and ports. The harmful particulates in ship emissions have been estimated to cause up to 60,000 premature deaths a year, particularly among those who are prone to respiratory diseases and who inhabit coastal areas and port conurbations.

Special thanks to the team at the University of Auckland’s Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel.

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